What we do
Legislative record
Legislation Perrin Institution has supported, across both parties and both chambers: what each bill does, and the offices behind it.
The bills
CREATE AI ActS.2714 / H.R.5077, 118th; H.R.2385, 119th7 offices
Creates the National AI Research Resource, a federally funded research resource for researchers and students.
Sens. Heinrich, Rounds, Young, Booker; Reps. Carter, Eshoo, McCaul
Sen. Heinrich (D-NM); Rep. Eshoo (D-CA)
AI Bill of Rights & SAFE Innovation FrameworkExecutive and agency frameworks3 offices
Principles for safe AI development.
Sen. Majority Leader Schumer; OSTP; NIST
OSTP; NIST; Sen. Majority Leader Schumer
ASSESS AI ActS.1356, 118th1 office
A cabinet-level AI task force to review federal AI policy gaps and set standards for rights, facial recognition, and data protection.
Sen. Bennet
Sen. Bennet (D-CO)
Digital Platform Commission ActS.1671, 118th2 offices
A federal agency to oversee digital platforms.
Sens. Bennet, Welch
Sen. Bennet (D-CO)
Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale ActH.R.4639, 118th4 offices
Requires a court order to compel data-broker disclosures.
Sens. Warren, Wyden, Paul; Rep. Davidson
Rep. Davidson (R-OH)
219–199
House floor vote, 17 April 2024
123
Republicans joining the majority
Digital Consumer Protection Commission ActS.2597, 118th2 offices
A bipartisan technology regulator alongside the FTC and DOJ.
Sens. Warren, Graham
Sen. Warren (D-MA)
Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images ActH.R.3106, 118th; H.R.1941, 119th1 office
Criminalizes non-consensual altered intimate images with a private right of action and plaintiff anonymity.
Rep. Morelle
Rep. Morelle (D-NY)
Jobs of the Future Act of 2023H.R.4498, 118th2 offices
A DOL and NSF report on AI's impact on the workforce.
Reps. Blunt Rochester, Soto
Rep. Soto (D-FL)
Artificial Intelligence Literacy Act of 2023H.R.6791, 118th1 office
AI literacy added to existing digital literacy programs.
Rep. Blunt Rochester
Rep. Blunt Rochester (D-DE)
AI Training Expansion ActH.R.4503, 118th3 offices
OMB training for federal managers on AI benefits and privacy risks.
Reps. Kilmer, Mace, Connolly
Rep. Mace (R-SC)
39–2
Committee vote, 12 July 2023
Political BIAS Emails ActH.R.5495, 118th3 offices
Bars email providers from spam-filtering opted-in political campaign email.
Rep. Lesko; prev. Sens. Kennedy, Thune
Rep. Lesko (R-AZ)
Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency ActS.2325 / H.R.4624, 118th2 offices
Disclosure and accountability for algorithmic discrimination.
Rep. Matsui; Sen. Markey
Sen. Markey (D-MA); Rep. Matsui (D-CA)
Digital Equity Foundation Act of 2023S.599 / H.R.1412, 118th1 office
A nonprofit foundation to address digital-access barriers for underserved communities.
Sen. Luján
Sen. Luján (D-NM)
CLOUD AI ActH.R.4683, 118th4 offices
Blocks remote access to export-controlled U.S. chips from adversary nations.
Reps. Jackson, Lawler, Crockett, McCormick
Rep. Jeff Jackson (D-NC)
REAL Political Ads Act & Honest Ads ActH.R.3044 / S.1596; S.486 / H.R.2599, 118th6 offices
AI-content rules and disclaimer parity for online political advertising.
Rep. Clarke; Sens. Klobuchar, Booker, Bennet, Graham, Warner
Rep. Clarke (D-NY); Sen. Klobuchar (D-MN)
National AI Commission ActH.R.4223, 118th5 offices
A commission to recommend a federal AI regulatory framework.
Sen. Peters; Reps. Lieu, Buck, Eshoo; Sen. Schatz
Rep. Lieu (D-CA)
Transparent Automated Governance ActS.1865, 118th1 office
OMB guidance requiring agency AI transparency, notifications, and human-review appeals.
Sen. Peters
Sen. Peters (D-MI)
AI LEAD ActS.2293, 118th2 offices
A Chief AI Officers Council across federal agencies.
Sens. Peters, Cornyn
Sen. Peters (D-MI)
AI Leadership Training ActS.1564, 118th2 offices
An AI training program for federal supervisors.
Sens. Peters, Braun
Sen. Peters (D-MI)
S.Rept. 118-109
Committee report filed
Autonomous Artificial Intelligence ActS.1394 / H.R.2894, 118th4 offices
Bars AI systems from nuclear launch decisions.
Sen. Markey; Reps. Lieu, Beyer, Buck
Sen. Markey (D-MA); Rep. Lieu (D-CA)
Data Care ActS.744, 118th; S.3570, 119th2 offices
Duty-of-care obligations for online providers handling personal data.
Sens. Bennet, Schatz
Sen. Schatz (D-HI)
American Data Privacy and Protection ActH.R.8152, 117th1 office
Comprehensive federal requirements for handling personal data.
U.S. Congress
Rep. Pallone (D-NJ)
53–2
Energy and Commerce committee vote, 20 July 2022
My Body My Data ActH.R.3420 / S.1656, 118th1 office
A national standard minimizing reproductive-health data collection and retention.
Rep. Jacobs
Rep. Jacobs (D-CA); Sen. Hirono (D-HI)
Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2023S.2892 / H.R.5628, 118th3 offices
Impact assessments for critical algorithms, transparency on AI use, and human appeal.
Sens. Wyden, Booker; Rep. Clarke
Sen. Wyden (D-OR); Rep. Clarke (D-NY)
NO FAKES ActS.4875, 118th; S.4591, 119th4 offices
Federal protection against unauthorized AI digital replicas of faces and voices.
Sens. Coons, Blackburn, Klobuchar, Tillis
Sen. Coons (D-DE)
RAISE ActS.6953B / A.6453B, New York 2025; ch. amdt. S.88282 offices
Requires large frontier AI developers to publish safety protocols, disclose critical safety incidents, and meet transparency obligations for models trained above a compute threshold.
Sen. Gounardes; Assemblymember Bores (New York State)
Sen. Gounardes (D-NY 26); Assemblymember Bores (D-NY 73)
10^26
FLOP training threshold for a covered frontier model
$500M
Annual revenue above which a developer is covered
72 hrs
Deadline to report a critical safety incident
$1M / $3M
Civil penalty, first and subsequent violations
1 Jan 2027
Date the obligations take effect
Every entry in the log is reproduced above, with the bill number, sponsor and current status alongside it. The log itself is kept as the original source of record. Each bill also has a one-page PDF, linked inside its row.
Briefings
Background papers behind the drafting work
- No. 1Explainable AI and the limits of regulationA history of explainable AI, from decision trees to deep learning, and why the legal right to an explanation arrived just as systems stopped being able to give one.
- No. 2Why federal privacy legislation has not passedAmerican privacy law was built one sector at a time, for a reason. This is the history of that choice, the bills that tried to reverse it, and why the closest attempt still failed.
- No. 3Digital identity on a SIM cardA digital identity and zero-interest microlending system built for people with a phone number and no documents. How registration, verification and lending actually work.
A note on the record
This work was carried out during the Perrin & Fidutam era and is preserved as the organisation's policy record. Working a bill is not the same as passing one: most federal proposals are never enacted, and nothing on this page claims otherwise. Where a status is shown it has been checked against the congressional record; where it is not, it has not.
The evidence
The landscape these bills sit in.
Source: Stanford HAI, AI Index 2026, fig. 8.4.4, April 2026 (9th edition). Redrawn from the AI Index public data, CC BY-ND 4.0.
View the data
| Laws per year | |
|---|---|
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2018 | 9 |
| 2019 | 15 |
| 2020 | 9 |
| 2021 | 23 |
| 2022 | 27 |
| 2023 | 49 |
| 2024 | 132 |
| 2025 | 150 |
Source: Stanford HAI, AI Index 2026, fig. 8.4.10, April 2026 (9th edition). Redrawn from the AI Index public data, CC BY-ND 4.0.
View the data
| Regulations per year | |
|---|---|
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2018 | 3 |
| 2019 | 10 |
| 2020 | 16 |
| 2021 | 12 |
| 2022 | 16 |
| 2023 | 25 |
| 2024 | 59 |
| 2025 | 58 |
Source: Stanford HAI, AI Index 2026, fig. 8.4.7, April 2026 (9th edition). Redrawn from the AI Index public data, CC BY-ND 4.0.
View the data
| Witnesses per year | |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 5 |
| 2018 | 18 |
| 2019 | 37 |
| 2020 | 17 |
| 2021 | 18 |
| 2022 | 18 |
| 2023 | 131 |
| 2024 | 81 |
| 2025 | 102 |
Source: AI Incident Database via Stanford HAI, AI Index 2026, fig. 3.2.1, April 2026 (9th edition). Redrawn from the AI Index public data, CC BY-ND 4.0.
View the data
| Incidents per year | |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 13 |
| 2015 | 24 |
| 2016 | 41 |
| 2017 | 50 |
| 2018 | 45 |
| 2019 | 43 |
| 2020 | 90 |
| 2021 | 77 |
| 2022 | 104 |
| 2023 | 168 |
| 2024 | 281 |
| 2025 | 362 |